Uzbekistan Weather, climate and geography
Weather & climate
Uzbekistan has a continental climate with hot summers, cold winters and relatively low rainfall. Spring runs from March to May and is one of the most pleasant times to visit. Temperatures gradually rise from around 10°C to 20°C (50°F to 68°F) in March to about 20°C to 30°C (68°F to 86°F) by May, with blooming landscapes and comfortable sightseeing conditions.
Summer lasts from June to August and can be very hot, especially in lowland and desert areas. Daytime temperatures commonly range from 30°C to 40°C (86°F to 104°F), and occasionally higher during heatwaves. Rainfall is minimal, and sightseeing is best done early in the morning or later in the evening.
Autumn, from September to November, is another excellent travel period. September remains warm at around 25°C to 30°C (77°F to 86°F), while October and November cool to roughly 10°C to 20°C (50°F to 68°F). Harvest season brings fresh produce to markets, and conditions are ideal for exploring historic cities such as Samarkand, Bukhara and Khiva.
Winter runs from December to February and can be cold, particularly in the north and at night. Temperatures typically range from -5°C to 5°C (23°F to 41°F), with occasional snowfall. While winter travel is quieter and atmospheric, some rural routes and mountain areas may be affected by weather conditions.
Lightweight, breathable clothing is recommended for late spring, summer and early autumn, particularly due to the intense summer heat. Natural fabrics such as cotton and linen are most comfortable. A hat, sunglasses and sun protection are advisable during warmer months.
For autumn evenings and spring mornings, a light jacket or jumper is useful. During winter, visitors should bring warm layers, including a coat, scarf and gloves, especially if travelling between December and February.
Rainfall is generally low, but a light waterproof jacket or compact umbrella can be useful in spring and autumn when occasional showers occur. Comfortable walking shoes are essential year-round for sightseeing on uneven streets and historic sites. Modest clothing that covers shoulders and knees is recommended when visiting religious sites and in more traditional settings.
Geography
Uzbekistan is a landlocked country in Central Asia, bordered by Kazakhstan to the north and west, Turkmenistan to the south-west, Afghanistan to the south, and Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan to the east. Its central position along historic trade routes helped shape its role as a crossroads of cultures between East and West. The country's location also means that travel overland to neighbouring states is common, particularly within the region.
Much of Uzbekistan is dominated by flat or gently rolling terrain. The vast Kyzylkum Desert covers a large part of the north and west, characterised by sandy plains, scrub vegetation and extreme temperatures. In contrast, the eastern edge of the country rises into foothills and mountains that form part of the Tian Shan and Pamir-Alay ranges, bringing cooler climates, rivers and fertile valleys.
Uzbekistan's highest point is Khazret Sultan Peak, reaching about 4,643 metres above sea level, while the lowest areas lie in the desert regions close to the Turkmen border. The country relies heavily on major rivers such as the Amu Darya and Syr Darya, which support agriculture and settlements. One of the most striking geographical features is the shrinking Aral Sea in the north-west, once one of the world's largest inland lakes, now a powerful reminder of environmental change in the region.
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