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Thailand Weather, climate and geography
Weather & climate
Thailand has a tropical climate with warm temperatures throughout the year. The country experiences three main seasons, though the timing and intensity vary slightly between regions.
Hot season (March to June): This is the warmest period, with daytime temperatures commonly ranging from 30–36°C (86–97°F). Inland areas such as Bangkok and Ayutthaya can feel particularly hot and humid, and some days may exceed 38°C (100°F).
Rainy season (June to October): Marked by the southwest monsoon, this season brings frequent showers and occasional heavy downpours, especially in the afternoons. Temperatures usually sit between 28–32°C (82–90°F). Rainfall patterns differ by coast: the Andaman Sea side (Phuket, Krabi) is rainiest from June to September, while the Gulf of Thailand (Samui, Phangan, Tao) sees more rain from October to December.
Cool season (November to February): This is the most pleasant time to visit, with lower humidity and temperatures ranging from 24–30°C (75–86°F). Northern regions such as Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai can be cooler in the mornings and evenings, sometimes dropping to 15°C (59°F) or lower in the mountains.
Although weather patterns can shift from year to year, these seasonal guidelines help travellers plan when to visit different parts of the country. Thailand remains warm year-round, but rainfall and humidity vary significantly between regions and seasons.
Lightweight, breathable clothing is suitable for most of the year in Thailand due to the consistently warm temperatures. Natural fabrics such as cotton and linen help with the heat and humidity. In the cooler season from November to February, travellers visiting northern regions like Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai or mountain areas may appreciate an extra layer for early mornings and evenings, when temperatures can dip noticeably.
During the rainy season, a compact umbrella or lightweight rain jacket is useful, as showers can be sudden and heavy. Footwear that dries quickly or has a good grip is practical in wet conditions, especially in cities with slippery pavements or when exploring coastal areas.
When visiting temples or religious sites, modest dress is required. Shoulders and knees should be covered, and shoes must be removed before entering temple buildings. A light scarf or shawl can be handy for covering up when needed.
Overall, simple, comfortable clothing that copes well with heat, humidity and occasional rain will serve travellers well throughout the country.
Geography
Thailand lies at the heart of mainland Southeast Asia, sharing borders with Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia and Malaysia. The country stretches from the mountainous north, where misty forests and highland villages cluster along the hills, down to the long, narrow southern peninsula that reaches between the Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand. This varied shape creates distinct landscapes and climates across the regions.
The central plains form Thailand’s agricultural core, fed by the Chao Phraya River, which flows south through Bangkok before emptying into the Gulf. To the north, rugged mountain ranges rise along the border with Myanmar, home to cooler temperatures and dense national parks. The northeast, known as Isan, is a broad plateau with rice fields, sandstone outcrops and a culture influenced by neighbouring Laos.
Southern Thailand is defined by its dramatic coastline, limestone cliffs, mangroves and island chains. The Andaman coast, including Phuket, Krabi and Phang Nga Bay, is famous for its karst landscapes and clear waters, while the Gulf of Thailand hosts softer beaches and popular islands such as Samui and Tao. This geographical variety gives travellers everything from mountains and jungles to rivers, reefs and islands within a single trip.
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