Getting around Zambia
Domestic air travel is a practical way to cover long distances in Zambia, particularly for visitors travelling between Lusaka, Livingstone and remote safari destinations. Flying can significantly reduce travel times compared with road journeys, especially during the rainy season when some routes become slower or difficult to navigate.
Lusaka's Kenneth Kaunda International Airport (LUN) serves as the main hub for domestic flights, with regular services to Harry Mwanga Nkumbula International Airport (LVI), Ndola and other regional centres. Smaller airports and airstrips operate near national parks and safari lodges, providing access to wildlife areas such as South Luangwa and the Lower Zambezi.
Domestic services are operated by local and regional airlines, and aircraft are typically small to medium-sized. Schedules can be limited, and flights may be affected by weather or operational changes, so advance booking is recommended. Baggage allowances on light aircraft are often restricted, particularly on charter flights to safari camps, and travellers should check limits carefully when planning their journey.
The road network in Zambia links major centres such as Lusaka, Livingstone, Ndola, Kitwe, Chipata and Solwezi, and provides access to border crossings and tourist destinations.
Fuel stations are available in cities and along main highways, but can be sparse in remote areas. Travellers should plan journeys carefully, refuel when possible and allow extra time for long-distance travel, as journey times can be affected by road conditions and seasonal weather.
Road quality in Zambia varies widely. Major highways connecting cities and border posts are generally tarred and in reasonable condition, though potholes can develop, particularly after the rainy season. Secondary roads may be uneven, narrow or poorly maintained.
During the rainy season from November to March, some rural roads may become muddy or impassable. Night driving outside urban areas is not recommended due to poor lighting, livestock, wildlife and occasional road hazards.
Zambia's road network consists of trunk roads linking major cities and international routes, main roads connecting provincial centres, and secondary or feeder roads serving rural communities. Trunk and main roads are usually sealed, while feeder roads are often gravel or dirt.
Road signage is generally adequate on major routes but limited in rural areas. GPS navigation works reasonably well on main roads but can be unreliable in remote regions, so carrying offline maps or seeking local advice is recommended.
Car hire is available in Lusaka, Livingstone and at major airports, with both local and international rental companies operating. Vehicles range from standard saloons to four-wheel-drive models, which are recommended for visiting national parks or travelling off main roads.
Rental agreements usually include basic insurance, but travellers should check coverage carefully and consider additional protection when driving long distances or in remote areas.
Taxis operate in major cities and tourist centres, though most are not metered. Fares should be agreed upon before the journey begins. Hotel-arranged taxis are generally reliable and recommended for airport transfers and evening travel.
Ride-hailing services (Yango, Bolt, and InDrive) operate in Lusaka and Livingstone, offering an alternative to traditional taxis. Availability is largely limited to major urban areas, and visitors may find coverage more restricted outside city centres.
Cycling is possible in Zambia but is best suited to short recreational rides or organised tours rather than long-distance travel. Traffic conditions, limited road shoulders and variable road quality can make cycling challenging on highways.
In rural areas, bicycles are commonly used by locals, but visitors should take care, wear high-visibility clothing and avoid cycling after dark. Mountain biking opportunities exist in scenic regions such as the Eastern Province and around national parks.
Long-distance buses and coaches operate between major towns and cities and are widely used by locals. Routes connect Lusaka with destinations such as Livingstone, Ndola, Kitwe, Chipata and Solwezi.
Comfort and reliability vary by operator, with some modern coaches offering air conditioning and assigned seating, while others are more basic. Advance booking is advisable for longer journeys, particularly during public holidays and peak travel periods.
Traffic drives on the left-hand side of the road. Speed limits are typically 50 km/h in urban areas, 80 km/h on open roads and up to 100 km/h on highways, unless otherwise indicated. Speed limits are enforced, and police checkpoints are common.
Drink-driving laws are strictly enforced, with a very low legal blood alcohol limit. Seat belts must be worn where fitted, and the use of mobile phones while driving is prohibited unless hands-free.
Zambia does not have a comprehensive nationwide roadside assistance network. Travellers hiring vehicles should rely on their rental company for breakdown support.
In rural areas, assistance may be limited to local mechanics, and spare parts can be difficult to obtain. Carrying emergency supplies such as water, a spare tyre, basic tools and a charged mobile phone is strongly recommended.
Foreign drivers must carry a valid driving licence from their home country. An international driving permit is recommended and may be required by rental companies or requested at police checkpoints.
Drivers should also carry vehicle registration documents, insurance papers and personal identification at all times. Vehicles entering Zambia from abroad must have third-party insurance valid for Zambia.
Within cities and towns, people get around by car, minibus taxi and on foot for short distances. Traffic can be heavy in central Lusaka and the Copperbelt during peak hours, but distances within city centres are manageable.
Walking is practical during the day in central areas, though visitors should remain aware of their surroundings and avoid walking alone at night in unfamiliar neighbourhoods.
Zambia has a limited passenger rail network operated primarily for freight and local services. Trains connect some major towns, including Lusaka, Ndola and Livingstone, but services are infrequent and subject to delays.
Do you have any Feedback about this page?
© 2026 Columbus Travel Media Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this site may be reproduced without our written permission, click here for information on Columbus Content Solutions.
You know where