Turkish culture places strong emphasis on politeness, hospitality and personal relationships. Greetings are usually warm and accompanied by a handshake, while family and friends may greet with a kiss on both cheeks. Using titles such as "Mr." or "Mrs." followed by a first name is polite until invited to be more informal.
Hospitality is an important part of daily life. Visitors may be offered tea or coffee in homes, shops or workplaces, and accepting even a small amount is considered courteous. Conversations often begin with light social chat before moving on to business or practical matters.
Dress is generally modest, especially in rural areas. Women are not required to wear a headscarf in public, and most do not, especially in cities. However, a headscarf is required when entering certain mosques or religious sites, and scarves are often provided at the entrance. Shoulders and knees should also be covered in these settings, and shoes removed before entering prayer areas.
Tipping in restaurants is customary, usually around 10% for good service. In cafés and casual eateries, leaving small change is appreciated. Photography is generally welcomed outdoors, but it is polite to ask before photographing people, particularly in rural areas or religious environments.
Although Turkey is a secular state, respect for religious practices is important, especially during Ramadan. Eating or drinking openly in very conservative neighbourhoods during fasting hours may feel insensitive, though tourist areas remain relaxed. Public discussions about religion or politics are best approached with caution, as these subjects can be sensitive.
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